Understanding Artificial Insemination by Husband (AIH): A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction
Artificial Insemination by Husband (AIH) is a procedure designed to enhance the chances of fertilization and pregnancy. It involves the careful insertion of a fine catheter through the cervix into the uterus, delivering a sperm sample directly from the woman’s partner. This method, also known as homologous insemination, is distinct from artificial insemination by donor (AID), where the donor is someone other than the woman’s partner.
Who Opts for AIH?
Couples facing fertility challenges may choose AIH for various reasons. This includes issues such as decreased sperm count or mobility, cervical problems hindering sperm penetration, the presence of antibodies against semen, unexplained infertility, ovulatory disorders, or a desire for motherhood by a single woman.
Causes for AIH Treatment
AIH becomes necessary for couples dealing with abnormalities in penile or cervical anatomy, unexplained infertility, endometriosis, or slight variations in sperm quality.
The AIH Procedure
Unlike natural fertilization during intercourse, AIH involves laboratory processes to select sperm with the highest fertilization potential. The selected sperm is then carefully inserted deep into the uterus during the woman’s ovulation period.
Stages of Intrauterine Insemination
Medical Evaluation
Before the AIH process, a thorough medical evaluation of both partners is conducted. This includes sperm analysis, blood tests, and assessments for infectious diseases.
Controlled Ovarian Stimulation
The choice of ovarian stimulation, whether natural or medicated, significantly impacts pregnancy rates. Medications mimic natural hormones, and ultrasound monitoring ensures optimal follicle development.
Mobile Sperm Collection
Semen samples, collected at home or the institution, undergo processing in the laboratory. Quality sperm is selected for insemination.
Intrauterine Insemination
This outpatient procedure involves depositing motile sperm into the uterine cavity using a catheter. The entire process takes about 15 minutes.
Luteal Phase Support
Some patients may receive supplemental progesterone after insemination to support the luteal phase, aiding embryonic implantation and pregnancy maintenance.
Chances of Pregnancy with AIH
The success of AIH varies, with pregnancy rates per attempt ranging from 5 to 18%. Factors influencing success include sperm count, ovarian response, the woman’s age, and the couple’s infertility duration.
Probability of Success
The probability of pregnancy per cycle depends on the diagnosis, age, sperm quality, and follicle development. Generally, 90% of patients achieving gestation with AIH do so within the first 3-4 cycles.
When AIH is Unsuccessful
If AIH is unsuccessful, consideration of more advanced techniques like in vitro fertilization may be necessary.
Conclusion
Artificial Insemination by Husband is a viable option for couples facing fertility challenges. Understanding the intricacies of the procedure, from medical evaluations to post-insemination follow-ups, empowers couples on their journey towards parenthood.
This comprehensive guide serves as a valuable resource for those considering AIH, providing insights into the procedure’s stages, success factors, and alternatives in case of unsuccessful attempts.