Written by Emily Watson, Reviewed by Sarah Thompson
In honor of Endometriosis Awareness Month, we reached out to over 100 women and individuals experiencing endometriosis about their journeys to conception. A common refrain emerged: “I wish more people understood adenomyosis.”
Despite its prevalence, adenomyosis remains a topic that’s often overlooked, particularly in discussions about fertility. There’s a significant gap in research, answers, and support for those affected. If you’re a researcher seeking your next project, consider focusing on individuals with adenomyosis. There’s so much left to explore!
If you’re trying to conceive and have adenomyosis or suspect you might, this guide is crafted for you. We’ll dive into what’s known—from symptoms and diagnosis to its relationship with endometriosis and its impact on fertility—and provide practical tips for enhancing your reproductive health naturally.
What is Adenomyosis?
Adenomyosis occurs when the tissue that typically lines the uterus (the endometrium) begins to grow into the muscular wall of the uterus (the myometrium). This can lead to an enlarged uterus and a range of symptoms, including:
- Painful and heavy periods
- Pelvic discomfort or a sensation of heaviness
- Pain during intercourse
- Severe cramps (about 80% of those with adenomyosis report this)
- Bloating
- And sometimes, no symptoms at all.
While it’s often diagnosed in individuals over 40, younger people—especially those with other gynecological conditions—can also be affected. Unfortunately, the overlap of symptoms with conditions like fibroids or endometriosis can make a clear diagnosis challenging.
Adenomyosis and Endometriosis: The Connection
Adenomyosis often coexists with endometriosis, sharing similar histological patterns (in other words, how cells and tissues are structured and appear). About 30-50% of those with adenomyosis also have endometriosis, and both conditions can present similar symptoms: pain, fatigue, and potential fertility challenges.
However, they are distinct. Endometriosis involves endometrial-like tissue growing outside the uterus, while adenomyosis has tissue invading the uterine muscle. This difference can make adenomyosis harder to detect, as it often doesn’t show up clearly on standard imaging techniques and can be misdiagnosed.
Both conditions are associated with chronic inflammation and hormonal imbalances, which can complicate conception and the ability to maintain a pregnancy.
How Does Adenomyosis Affect Fertility?
The research is still developing, but studies indicate that adenomyosis may:
- Decrease the chances of conception through intercourse
- Lower IVF success rates
- Heighten the risk of miscarriage and preterm birth
While the exact reasons aren’t fully understood, theories suggest disrupted uterine contractions affecting implantation, inflammation, and alterations to the endometrial environment. However, it’s important to note that not everyone with adenomyosis will face difficulties conceiving—pregnancy can still be possible, although it may take more time or require additional support.
Diagnosing Adenomyosis
To diagnose adenomyosis, healthcare providers typically follow these steps:
- Pelvic exam: The doctor may feel for an enlarged or tender uterus.
- Ultrasound: This can help identify thickening of the uterine wall.
- MRI: Often considered the gold standard for diagnosis, providing clearer images.
Historically, the only definitive diagnosis was through tissue samples collected during a hysterectomy, which, of course, is impractical for those trying to conceive. Thankfully, advancements in imaging are allowing for earlier recognition and treatment of the condition.
Risk Factors to Consider
Certain factors can elevate the risk of developing adenomyosis or exacerbate fertility issues:
- Age (typically 35 and older)
- Previous pregnancies
- History of C-sections or other uterine surgeries
- Endometriosis
- Elevated estrogen levels (often related to higher body weight or hormone use)
- Smoking
Can Lifestyle Changes Help?
While there’s currently no cure for adenomyosis, emerging evidence suggests that specific lifestyle alterations may benefit fertility and overall reproductive health.
A nutritious diet packed with whole foods (think leafy greens, whole grains, fruits) can be a good start. For more insights on this topic, check out this post on home insemination. Additionally, resources like Make a Mom are great for couples navigating their fertility journey. And if you’re looking for comprehensive details on IVF, this guide is a helpful resource.
Summary
In summary, navigating the journey of conception with adenomyosis can be complex, but understanding the condition, exploring lifestyle adjustments, and seeking appropriate medical support can empower individuals on their path to parenthood.