Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is a leading cause of infertility because it affects ovulation. However, individuals with PCOS can still conceive, whether naturally or with the help of fertility treatments like in vitro fertilisation (IVF), if they want to start a family.
What is PCOS?
PCOS affects about one in ten women in the UK and can occur at any age post-puberty, with most diagnoses typically made in their twenties or thirties. This condition primarily disrupts ovarian function, making it harder to conceive. Symptoms may include irregular periods, bloating, weight gain, oily skin, and increased body and facial hair growth. It can also lead to ovarian cysts and emotional issues like anxiety or mood swings. Fortunately, these symptoms can be managed through medication, lifestyle changes, and, when necessary, surgical options. A healthcare provider will evaluate your symptoms and suggest an appropriate treatment plan.
How Does PCOS Affect Fertility?
PCOS interferes with fertility in several ways. It can disrupt regular ovarian function, hindering ovulation and egg release, mainly due to hormonal imbalances such as elevated androgen levels (often called male hormones). These imbalances can also impact egg quality, making successful fertilisation and implantation less likely. Additionally, factors like age, lifestyle, and other health conditions play a role in fertility too.
PCOS Fertility Tests
To evaluate your fertility, your doctor or a fertility clinic will review your symptoms and conduct hormone tests to determine if excess hormone production stems from PCOS or another related condition. They may also perform an ultrasound to check for multiple follicles in your ovaries. Blood tests can assess hormone levels and screen for conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol, which can be associated with PCOS.
Fertility Treatment for PCOS
There are various fertility treatment options available based on individual circumstances. Doctors will evaluate your fertility health to design an effective treatment plan.
- Medication: Your doctor might prescribe medications like clomiphene, letrozole, or metformin to promote ovulation and improve fertility. Metformin is often used for type 2 diabetes but can also help regulate insulin levels in those with PCOS, leading to more regular periods and reduced risks of heart disease and miscarriage.
- Lifestyle Changes: A healthy lifestyle is essential, as being overweight can negatively affect your chances of conception. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and fish can support your fertility goals. It’s also wise to limit alcohol and avoid smoking. Regular exercise can aid in weight management; however, consult your doctor before making significant changes to your routine.
- Surgical Options: If medications don’t work, a minor surgical procedure called laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) may be suggested. This involves a small incision in the abdomen and using a thin microscope to treat the ovaries. This helps lower androgen levels, correcting hormonal imbalances and restoring normal ovarian function.
- Fertility Treatment: If you have PCOS and are struggling to get pregnant, treatments like IVF could be suitable. IVF involves collecting eggs from the ovaries, fertilising them in a lab, and transferring the resulting embryos into the uterus. You can consult your doctor or reach out to a local fertility clinic for an assessment to evaluate your fertility health and determine the best treatment plan for you.
Did you find this article helpful? If you’re curious about issues like decreased fetal movement, make sure to check out this blog post. Also, for those interested in boosting fertility, look into Make a Mom’s fertility supplements. Lastly, if you want to learn more about home insemination, Hopkins Medicine is an excellent resource.
In summary, PCOS can significantly affect fertility due to its impact on ovulation and hormonal balances. However, with the right diagnosis and treatment plan, individuals with PCOS can still have the opportunity to conceive, whether through lifestyle changes, medication, or advanced fertility treatments like IVF.