A few weeks back, my friend Sarah, who is in her second trimester, reached out to me, clearly distressed. Due to her medical history, her doctor suggested she undergo an MRI along with her annual mammogram to screen for breast cancer. Just like many women in similar situations, she felt immense relief upon learning this information. Then she asked me, “Can women really get diagnosed with cancer while pregnant? Is treatment even an option?”
What We Know About Cancer in Pregnancy
Yes, cancer can occur in approximately 1 in 1,000 pregnancies each year. The most frequently diagnosed cancers during pregnancy include breast, cervical, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and leukemias. However, diagnosing cancer during pregnancy can be tricky. Symptoms that are common in cancer, like fatigue, breast changes, bloating, headaches, rectal bleeding, skin changes, and joint pain, often overlap with normal pregnancy symptoms.
Diagnosis Methods
Cancer can be diagnosed using various methods, including physical exams, biopsies, blood tests, ultrasounds, and pap smears, all of which are applicable during pregnancy. But what about other diagnostic tests?
X-rays can also aid in diagnosing cancer during pregnancy. The radiation levels in an X-ray are typically too low to pose any known risk to the developing fetus, and a lead shield can be used to protect the abdomen. CT (or CAT) scans of the head or chest don’t directly expose the baby to radiation, but scans of the abdomen or pelvis should only be conducted if absolutely necessary. MRI scans, on the other hand, do not involve radiation and can be safely used.
Once cancer is diagnosed, various treatment options need to be considered. It’s important to evaluate factors like the tumor’s size and location, whether the cancer has metastasized, how far along the pregnancy is, and any other health conditions present.
Generally, chemotherapeutic agents are not administered during the first trimester due to critical fetal development, but they may be used during the second or third trimesters, depending on the specific medication. Surgical interventions, including those requiring anesthesia, are usually feasible during pregnancy. However, treatments like radiation, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies are often recommended to be postponed until after delivery. Depending on the treatment plan, breastfeeding may or may not be advisable.
Fortunately, Sarah’s MRI results came back normal. She was advised to monitor for any changes in her breasts and to be vigilant about any unusual symptoms. Whether pregnant or not, it’s crucial to communicate any concerns with your healthcare provider promptly. Remember, a healthier mom often leads to a healthier baby. For more insights, check out our post on understanding colic in infants.
For those curious about fertility, Make a Mom provides great resources, and for further information on treating infertility, you can visit ACOG.
Summary
Cancer can occur during pregnancy, but understanding the diagnosis and treatment options available is essential. Early detection and communication with healthcare providers can help ensure a healthy outcome for both mother and baby.