Many men often think of infertility as primarily a woman’s issue, but the reality is that male factors contribute to about 40% of infertility cases. An additional 10% involve a combination of both male and female factors. Thanks to reliable diagnostic methods and advancements in treatment, countless men have successfully navigated male factor infertility and achieved fatherhood. In fact, patients facing male factor challenges have a clinical pregnancy rate of 62% per cycle.
Dr. Sarah Thompson emphasizes that obtaining a thorough semen analysis is a crucial initial step in the infertility evaluation process. This straightforward test allows clinicians to assess the semen sample in various ways, providing insights into potential male factor infertility.
“A semen analysis is quick and informative,” Dr. Thompson explains. “To choose the most effective treatment, we need a complete understanding of the health of both partners.”
Sample Collection
The Andrology Center is one of the largest laboratories in the U.S. for male infertility testing, processing over 20,000 semen analyses and sperm washes annually. They handle samples from both in-house patients and those referred by many physicians. Results are typically ready within 3 to 5 business days.
“The benefit of using our Andrology Center for semen analysis is that we examine every aspect of the sample,” says Dr. Thompson. “With a team of over 30 skilled andrologists and embryologists, we know what to look for, not just in the sperm but also in other important components of a healthy sample.”
All locations offer analysis services by appointment. While some offices have collection rooms, samples are often best collected at home. To ensure accuracy, follow these guidelines:
- Abstain from ejaculation for three to five days before the sample collection.
- Collect fresh semen via masturbation only.
- Use a dry polypropylene container with a lid (available from various pharmacies).
- Avoid lubricants as they can hinder sperm motility.
- Deliver the sample to the office within two hours, shielding it from extreme temperatures.
Sperm Analysis
Once a sample is collected, several critical factors are analyzed.
First, the sample volume is assessed. “We look for at least 2cc of fluid,” Dr. Thompson notes. A low volume can indicate a deficiency in vital secretions, which may affect fertilization.
Next is sperm concentration, commonly referred to as sperm count. A low count may indicate issues with the testicles or hormonal imbalances that hinder sperm production.
The motility, or movement of the sperm, is also key. Low motility can impact the sperm’s ability to reach and fertilize the egg.
Finally, morphology examines the percentage of normally shaped sperm. Abnormal shapes can affect fertilization capabilities.
Dr. Thompson remarks, “An abnormal result in any of these areas can hinder fertility.”
Understanding the Results
Results are commonly evaluated using either the World Health Organization (WHO) scale or the “Kruger Strict” scale, with the latter being preferred for its focus on morphology. Dr. Thompson often requests a repeat analysis if previous results lack this vital criterion.
“It’s essential to get an accurate picture of sperm health,” she adds. If any abnormalities are noted, a second test is recommended to confirm the findings.
Factors Influencing Sperm Quality
Numerous factors can affect sperm health, including:
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Use of anabolic steroids or recreational drugs
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
- Environmental toxins
- Weight issues
Genetic conditions can also impact sperm production, including disorders that lead to abnormal shapes or movement.
Finding Healthy Sperm
For men with low or weak sperm, andrologists can identify healthier sperm for fertilization. If there are no sperm in the ejaculate, procedures such as Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) or Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) can be performed to retrieve viable sperm.
“Most men are apprehensive about these procedures, but they’re typically done under local or general anesthesia and are not painful,” assures Dr. Thompson. “They have proven effective in helping men with male factor infertility conceive.”
Path to Parenthood
Depending on the severity of the male factor, treatments may range from sperm washing for Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) to advanced methods like In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) with or without Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI).
IUI involves placing a concentrated sperm sample in the uterus after it has been prepared in the lab. IVF may be necessary for more severe male factor issues, where the embryologist monitors the fertilization process before transferring the embryo into the female’s uterus.
Encouraging Developments
While some men may fear receiving a diagnosis, it’s important to understand that male factor infertility is among the most successfully treated forms of infertility. With just one healthy sperm necessary to fertilize an egg, a reliable semen analysis can lead to effective treatment options.
“There are many advancements in male fertility treatment,” Dr. Thompson expresses. “Couples facing male factor infertility have numerous avenues for support and success.”
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Summary
In conclusion, while many men may not recognize it, infertility can be a significant male issue. Understanding the role of sperm health and seeking timely testing can pave the way for effective treatment options. Advances in male fertility treatments offer hope and solutions for those facing challenges in starting a family.